The Battle of Fredericksburg: The Deadliest in the American Civil War


Date Published: May 25th, 2026 | Last Updated: May 25th, 2026
Author: Abby | Category: Travel, USA
Date of travel: Feb 8th, 2026

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park is a massive historic park operated by the National Park Service. It commemorates four major battles in the American Civil War: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, The Wilderness, and Spotsylvania. Of these 4, the most notable one is the Battle of Fredericksburg at Sunken Road, which will be the focus of this article.

Note: To be honest, if you’re not into American history and you have limited time, then you’re probably going to find this kind of boring. We’re not history buffs, but we found it pretty cool to walk amongst this place and seeing the stone wall along the Sunken Road.

Visitor Info:

Location: 1013 Lafayette Boulevard, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 (takes you to the visitor’s center)
Hours: sunrise to sunset, the visitors center is open 9am-5pm
Website: https://www.nps.gov/frsp/planyourvisit/directions.htm
Cost: free

A little background info:

The Battle of Fredericksburg at Sunken Road lasted 4 days and is known as the largest and deadliest battle of the American civil war. It was a massacre of the Union forces. Here, the confederate army occupied ‘Marye’s Heights’, a hill that overlooks the town of Fredericksburg. This site gave them the advantage of height as well as cover on the “Sunken Road” which was a road with a small stone wall. It was literally an uphill battle for the Union soldiers who had very little to no cover climbing up the hill while being targeted. It was estimated that 20,000 soldiers died here (at least 13,000 of them being Union soldiers), but only 3000 were able to be identified.

Check out this short 4 minute video of a park ranger that explains more about the background surrounding this battle: https://www.britannica.com/video/overview-Battle-of-Fredericksburg-American-Civil-War/-224645

How much time do I need?

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park is a massive historic park. We only visited the Battle of Fredericksburg site at Sunken Road which is the main highlight of this park. It took us 2 hours to walk through the Sunken Road trail (see map further down this article) and read all of the information plaques. If you just walk the trail without reading anything, you’ll be done in less than 1 hour. We then spent another 15-20 minutes driving through the small town of Fredericksburg to see some of the other historic sites on the map, but the signage wasn’t very clear and the spots were easy to miss so we didn’t stay very long.

If you want to visit the other 3 battlefields in the massive Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park (Chancellorsville, Spotsylvania, and Wilderness), I can’t say exactly how much time you’ll need for them since we didn’t visit, but I’ve heard some people say 1-2 days to see everything. I’ve attached a picture of the overall park map you can pick up from the visitors center to give you an idea of how big this place is. You can also find a pdf version of it here: https://www.nps.gov/frsp/images/FRSPmap1_1.jpg.

Overview Park Map of all 4 Battle Sites

Best time of year to travel?

The historic park is open year-round, however the walking paths are not very well maintained in the winter, so keep that in mind if you’re visiting in the colder months. We visited in the middle of winter and had to walk over icy snow on the Sunken Trail and stepped in other people’s snowy footprints to make it up Marye’s Heights hill.

The best time to come is anytime where there’s no snow or ice cover on the ground.

Getting Around & Parking

Driving is the best way to get around. Park your car for free at the Ferdericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center (1013 Lafayette Boulevard, Fredericksburg, VA 22401) and the historic Sunken Trail path starts just behind the building.

What to Expect

Start at the Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center (1013 Lafayette Boulevard, Fredericksburg, VA 22401) where you’ll park your car. The main visitors center is temporarily closed until further notice for renovations, however they relocated into the smaller bookstore building next door. Here, there is a souvenir shop, bathrooms, and staff members you can speak to about the area and pick up a map. It’s open 9am-5pm. On the park website it says that they offer ranger tours at 10am, 11am, and 2pm (we weren’t here at the right time so we did a self-guided walk following the map).

Here’s a link to the park website for more pdf maps incase you can’t get your hands on one: https://www.nps.gov/frsp/planyourvisit/trails-brochures.htm

Below is a walking map of the Sunken Road Trail which is your guide to explore the battlegrounds. The path starts behind the visitors center on the “Sunken Road” where you parked your car. In this guide, I’ll walk you through this path and the things you’ll see along the way.

Walking map of the Sunken Road Trail (white squares = where buildings used to be; filed in squares = where a current building stands)

The Sunken Road was originally called ‘Country Road’ or ‘Telegraph Road’ and was a normal everyday road used by farmers to transport crops into town and locals to visit neighbours. This road had a short stone wall and was built along the side of ‘Marye’s Heights’ hill. Sunken Road was the perfect position for the confederate soldiers to take cover by the shield of the stone wall while taking aim at the charging Union soldiers to defend the hill.

As you follow the walking trail map, you’ll pass by the Innis House. This house was present during the roaring Battle of Fredericksburg and you can see evidence of bullet holes and shell fragments on the walls! The outside panels have been replaced overtime, but you can peek your head in the window and see all the bullet holes on the interior walls.

Next you’ll pass by Kirkland Monument, which is a large statue dedicated to “the angel of Marye Heights”, Seargent Richard Kirkland. This young confederate soldier heroically crossed over the Sunken Road walls to aid wounded enemy Union soldiers.

Next you’ll continue to path and U-turn up towards the top of Marye’s Heights. Here you’ll get a view of the land below and what it would’ve been like to be a confederate soldier looking down below towards the Union soldiers charging uphill. There was minimal cover for them and it was no wonder why this was a massacre.

At the end of the walking path, you’ll come across the Fredericksburg National Cemetery with thousands of small granite headstones that mark the graves of both identified and unknown solders.

After the cemetery, you’ll intersect with the Sunken Road again briefly before heading back to the parking lot at the visitors center.

Sunken Road with the reconstructed stone wall and view of the Cemetery Lodge behind it

After Sunken Road, we did a mini self-guided driving tour of a few historical battle spots around town – see the map below. The sites weren’t very well marked and was easy to miss so we didn’t spend much time at them.

Driving map around Fredericksburg: https://www.nps.gov/frsp/planyourvisit/directions.htm

We also drove through downtown Fredericksburg which wasn’t all that exciting – many of the shops were closed or for rent.

Some Final Thoughts

  • The historic site at Sunken Road marks one of the bloodiest battles in the civil war. If you’re not that into American history, then maybe give this a skip. We’re not history buffs, but we enjoy visiting historical places to learn about significant events that helped shape this nation.
  • Consider a guided tour at the posted times if you want to avoid reading the information plaques.
  • Have proper footwear if you’re going to visit in the colder months since the trails are not very well maintained.

Your Ultimate Day Trip to Alexandria, Virginia: What to See and Do


Date Published: May 23rd, 2026 | Last Updated: May 23rd, 2026
Author: Abby | Category: Travel, USA
Date of travel: Feb 7th, 2026

The town of Alexandria, Virginia, is a historically rich city on the Potomac River that originally started as a tobacco trading post in the mid 1700s and became one of the busiest ports in America. It is famously known as George Washington’s hometown. He surveyed the land at the age of 16 and was a part of the foundational planning of this town and maintained a close relationship until his death in 1799. He lived, dined, worshipped, and conducted business through these historic streets of Alexandria.

Today, the main things to do here is to explore the preserved streets and buildings of Old Town, take a short stroll along the waterfront, check out the converted Torpedo Factory, and visit a masonic temple dedicated to the memorial of George Washington.

Best time of year to travel?

You can visit any time of the year, but the best time to visit will be in Spring or Summer when the weather is warmer and it’ll be nicer to walk around. We came in the middle of winter and a lot of streets were covered in snow.

Where to stay?

Although a very cute lively town, there’s not a ton of nightlife in Alexandria, so it’s not imperative to stay in the middle of old town, unless you really want to be within walking distance to a few restaurants or bars. We chose a cheaper option about a 10 minute drive away off the side of the freeway and just drove into Alexandria to save on hotel costs.

Getting Around & Where to Park?

Driving will be your best option to explore the main sites around Alexandria. Old Town will be the main attraction and is a very walkable town. We found the cheapest parking to be in the underground parking garage at Market Square underneath City Hall (address: 108 N. Fairfax Street Alexandria, Virginia). It was $2/hour, maximum $10 per day. You can also park on the street, but parking is limited and has limited hours.

There is a free “King Street Trolley” that you can take around town. We didn’t take it because the places we wanted to visit were relatively close together and very walkable within Old Town. You can find out more about the trolley service and routes here: https://visitalexandria.com/plan/king-street-trolley/ .

How many days do I need?

Alexandria is a pretty small town and it only takes about 20 minutes to walk from one end of the main street to the other, but there are plenty of restaurants, shops, and a few historic sites to keep you busy. 1 day will be enough time to see all the highlights here. Check out the sample itinerary below to help plan your day.

If you haven’t already, consider visiting the nearby Mount Vernon (the historical home of George Washington) – it’s only about a 30 minute drive North:

A Comprehensive Guide to Visiting Mount Vernon, George Washington’s Home


Mount Vernon, George Washington’s estate, offers a glimpse into the life of the first president. Visitors can explore the mansion, museum, and gardens, with many tour options available. Follow this comprehensive guide on visiting this vast estate and how to get the most out of your visit!

Sample Itinerary to Hit All the Alexandria Highlights in 1 Day:

  • 9am -11am – Start at the George Washington Masonic National Memorial since it opens the earliest at 9am (remember they’re closed Tues and Wed). Book the 9:30am tour that lasts 1 hour and then explore the floors and museum displays.
  • 11am – 3pm – Explore Old Town Alexandria: follow a self-guided tour to check out the historical buildings including Spite House, Captain’s Row, Carlyle House (remember it closes at 4pm and not open on Wed), Christ Church (also closes 4pm most days, closed Monday). Walk down King Street and have lunch in one of the many restaurants in town, go shopping and make sure to visit “Shop Made in VA” for unique souvenirs made by Virginian artists.
  • 3pm – 6pm – From King Street, walk towards the waterfront and take the waterfront walk to the Torpedo Factory Arts Center and browse through 3 levels of artist studios and maybe do some shopping.
  • 6pm onwards – Do a quick stop by the Jones Point Lighthouse if you have time for more waterfront views and to check out this small lighthouse. Then have dinner back in Old Town before heading out!

Things to Do:

The main things to explore in Alexandria, Virginia are: the streets of historic old town, the waterfront walk, the torpedo factory, and the George Washington Masonic National Memorial. If you have time you can also visit the Jones Point Lighthouse.

The George Washington Masonic National Memorial

Address: 101 Callahan Dr, Alexandria, VA 22301, United States
Hours: 9am-5pm Thursday through Monday, closed Tuesdays & Wednesdays
Tour times (1hr long, included in admission cost): 9:30am, 11am, 12:30pm, 2pm, 3:30pm (check the website to reserve tickets and updated hours)
Admission: $20 per person (pretty steep if you ask me)
Parking: Free, on-site
Website: http://gwmemorial.org/
How much time to spend here: roughly an hour to go through everything

I will preface this by saying that you absolutely must have a reserved tour time if you plan to visit. Unfortunately we didn’t know about the tours and we came just after the last tour finished and couldn’t go up the tower where some of the exhibits are and missed a lot of what was offered including the grand views from the observation deck at the top. We paid full price admission ($20) for essentially a self-guided walk-through of the main floor and a small museum room. It didn’t feel worth it for the admission cost, but when you look on their website, there were a lot more things we could have seen. Check it out here: https://gwmemorial.org/pages/tours .

The George Washington Masonic National Memorial is an active Freemasons temple that also incorporates a memorial to George Washington, one of their most notable and famous historic members. They have deemed him the ultimate example of a freemason:

To American Freemasons, George Washington’s life symbolizes the reward of virtue and morality dedicated to public service. He is the culmination of striving to overcome the rough human nature to be perfect in service to family, neighbor, nation and God. His life exemplifies the transition from rough to perfect ashlar.

We’ve driven past many masonic lodges in our travels, some looking like a small shack, but this is the most grand one we’ve come across. This building has mutiple purposes not just a Masonic temple, but also a research library, a cultural space, and a performing arts center. You can walk here from Old Town Alexandria (roughly a 30 minute walk from the Torpedo Factory Arts Center) or drive here (free parking on site).

What is Freemasonry? That’s a loaded question. Honestly, I had always assumed it was some sort of secret cult like they depict in that episode of the Simpsons where homer joins the Stonecutters. In being exposed to it more over the years and coming across a few masonic lodges and reading about historic Freemason members, the best I can simplify and summarize my understanding is that it’s an adult men’s club where their “primary purpose is to improve men”. I think of it like Boy Scouts but for adults and without the wilderness training 😅 – that’s probably a bit too simplified. They meet, they discuss, they plan in the goal of “self-improvement, moral discipline, and brotherhood”. They have deep roots that started in Britain as far back as the 1600s. It’s not so much a secret society, but the rules, rituals, and traditions they follow are kept a secret from non-members. Here’s another excerpt from the museum that may help explain it a little more:

Freemasonry differs from stonemasonry, however, in that it teaches men virtues and moral truths, rather than arts and skills. While operative masons use tools to fashion stone and construct buildings, speculative Freemasons use rituals and symbols to improve themselves. Just as a new stonemason learns his craft as an apprentice, journeyman and finally a master mason, a Freemason is initiated through three degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason.

When you first enter the building, there’s a reception desk where you can purchase tickets and get more information. The whole building is 9 floors high, but without a tour, you cannot enter the tower portion and only have access to the first 2 floors. The first floor has a (relatively) small museum of the history of the Freemasons in America. The information here is quite dense and took us some time to get through it all. It covers historical members and their morals and beliefs.

The second floor has a big statue of George Washington with 2 large murals and a replica meeting room for the Freemasons.

There’s also a theatre for the community and a decent sized Freemasons gift shop before you exit, which was surprising for this secret but not so secretive club!

In summary, if you’re into learning about the Freemasons and see some cool murals and a statue of George Washington in his masonic clothing, then come for a visit. If for nothing else, come to get a great panoramic view of the town of Alexandria from the top floor of the temple (but remember that you can only get access to the tower with a guided tour)!

Historic Old Town

Historic Old Town is a very walkable area. The main street to explore is King Street, with the most exciting area between West Street and the Waterfront. It takes about 15-20 minutes to from one end to the other.

Although it’s not a large area to explore, there are a ton of historical buildings and sites here that can be easy to miss. Check out this website from the town of Alexandria for self-guided tours/maps: https://www.alexandriava.gov/SelfGuidedTours#WalkingToursofOldTownHistory

Tip: There’s a scavenger hunt map in the link above. If you complete it and bring it back to the visitors center, you get a free prize!

If you’re here for George Washington history, there’s also a map in the link above that focuses just on notable places where George Washington lived/worked/dined/worshipped.

Shopping on King Street:

There are tons of shops on King Street to explore. My favourite was “Shop Made in VA” which had unique souvenirs made by local Virginian artists!

The Hollensbury Spite House

Address: 523 Queen St, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA

The Hollensbury Spite House is the skinniest historic house in the US, measuring at just 7ft and 6 inches wide (229cm) and 325 square feet! Why is it called a spite house, you ask? Prior to 1830, this place was an alleyway and local brickmaker, John Hollensbury, owned the buildings adjacent to the alley. He was tired of people loitering here and the horse and wagons scraping against his buildings and damaging the brick, so his solution was to purchase this narrow alley (for a little over $45!) and built this house to block the walkway.

This spite house is located at 523 Queen Street. There’s no signage and can be easy to miss, so just punch the address into Google maps to guide you. It’s currently a private residence (so don’t go knocking) – which probably explains the lack of signage.

Fun fact: Although the Hollensbury Spite House is the most famous for being the most narrow, there are actually 3 other spite houses in Alexandria – check out this article here: https://alexandrialivingmagazine.com/home-and-garden/queen-street-spite-house-alexandria-va-historic-alley-homes/

Christ Church

Address: 118 N Washington St, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States
Hours: closed Mondays, 9am-4pm most days except Wed and Sun (check the website for updated hours)
Website: https://www.historicchristchurch.org/
Admission: free, also free tours available, donations accepted

Christ Church was built in 1773 and is still operating today. There is no charge for admission and they also offer free tours daily (check website for updated hours). This is where George Washington came to worship and he even purchased his own pew box (back in the day, the pews were inside boxes and you can purchase a box to ensure that your family members could sit together). Another notable parishioner was Robert E. Lee, whoever later became the general of the Confederate army.

The church is a walkable distance from King Street, but you can also drive here with free street parking in the vicinity.

Captain’s Row (cobblestone road)

Address: no exact address. It’s located at the 100s block on Prince Street (houses in the ‘100s’) between S. Union Street and S. Lee Street (see map below). You can type in ‘100 Prince Street, Alexandria’ in Google Maps and it’ll take you to the corner of S. Union Street.

No exact address – it’s at the 100’s block of Prince Street between S. Union St. and S. Lee St. in Old Town Alexandria

Captain’s Row is a section of perfectly preserved cobblestone road on Prince Street in Old Town Alexandria. It is the town’s most iconic and historic block, renown not only for its 250 feet of original cobblestone road but the preserved 18th century homes. It is named after Captain John Harper who built many of these homes in the late 1700s and is one of the few surviving surviving blocks of land in Alexandria that represents early American and European style architecture.

Unfortunately for us, since we visited in the middle of winter, only part of the cobblestone road was exposed so we couldn’t quite appreciate the historic picturesque scenery.

Carlyle House

Address: 121 N Fairfax St, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States
Hours: 10am-4pm most days, closed Wednesdays, 12-4pm Sundays (check the website for updated hours)
Admission: $8 per adult, $3 per child
Website: https://www.novaparks.com/parks/carlyle-house-historic-park

Carlyle House is a historic mansion completed in 1753 by wealthy Scottish merchant, John Carlyle, one of the founders of Alexandria. It is one of the most prominent homes in Old Town Alexandria and is architecturally unique. Built in Georgian residential-style architecture with simple but bold features around the windows and doors, the home itself is symmetrical in layout with a central hallway and the left and right sides of the house mirror each other.

Apart from unique architecture, this home also has a lot of historical value. England’s involvement in the French and Indian War was planned at the Carlyle house. The result of that war made young George Washington a hero. The house was also later the site of a hotel and hospital. Check out this cool website for more interesting facts about the Carlyle House: https://ourhistorymuseum.org/blog/the-top-5-most-interesting-facts-about-carlyle-house-in-alexandria-va.

Due to the weather and timing, we didn’t go inside, however just seeing the home from the outside was quite impressive.

Waterfront Walk

This short path along Alexandria’s waterfront gives you views of the dock and provides some greenery (or snowery in our case). Although short, it was a nice quiet little walk that led us to the Torpedo Arts Center from King Street. There are some shops and restaurants around the area as well.

Torpedo Factory Arts Center

Address: 105 N Union St, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States
Hours: 10am-6pm, daily
Admission: free
Website: https://torpedofactory.org/
How much time to spend here: roughly an hour to go through all the shops

The Torpedo Factory Arts Center was one of my favourite places in Alexandria. This 100+ year old building houses the nation’s largest collection of working artists’ open studios all under one roof!

As you may have guessed from the name, this building used to be a torpedo factory that was constructed at the end of World War I in 1918. It produced Mark III torpedos for about 5 years until production stopped during peacetime, but then resumed leading up to the start of World War II. After the war ended, this factory made rocket engines briefly before shutting down permanently in 1946. It was then the Federal Records Center that stored documents, records, and artifacts.

In 1969 the city of Alexandria purchased the building. It took the government a few years to vacate the premises, but by 1973, The Art League had an expiring lease and sought the old torpedo factory as the new site for their plans. After years of planning and renovations, it officially re-opened in 1983 as an artist studio and still continues on today!

The Torpedo Factory Arts Center is like no place we’ve ever been before. It’s an impressive 3 floors of artist studio space where they work and sell their art all in real time. There are artists from different backgrounds making all types of art – painters, sculptors, jewellers, mixed media…etc.- it was really cool to watch them work. Toby got a really cool ring here and the great thing about being in the artist studio is that some of these pieces can be customizable since you’re buying direct from the artist in their shop! It’s definitely a treat to walk around this space and get inspired by all the amazing art around you.

Jones Point Lighthouse

Address: 100 Jones Point Dr, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States
Hours: 6am-10pm, daily

If you have some extra time, The Jones Point Lighthouse in the southern part of town has some far away views of Washington, DC across the river. It’s located within a park setting and you can follow the trail here as part of the riverfront walk and take you all the way up to the Torpedo Factory Arts Center and lead you into Old Town.

We didn’t end up stopping here because the weather was extremely windy and cold so we decided to skip it. The lighthouse looks cute from online pictures.

Some Final Thoughts

  • Old Town Alexandria is pretty cool. Lots of shops with many historical sites to see. Follow an online self-guided tour if you want to make sure you don’t miss anything.
  • The Torpedo Factory Arts Center is definitely a MUST!
  • Book a tour if you’re going to visit the Masonic Temple so you can get to the top of the temple.
  • Don’t forget to check out Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington if you’re into more historical places!

A Comprehensive Guide to Visiting Mount Vernon, George Washington’s Home


Mount Vernon, George Washington’s estate, offers a glimpse into the life of the first president. Visitors can explore the mansion, museum, and gardens, with many tour options available. Follow this comprehensive guide on visiting this vast estate and how to get the most out of your visit!

A Comprehensive Guide to Visiting Mount Vernon, George Washington’s Home


Date Published: May 20th, 2026 | Last Updated: May 20th, 2026
Author: Abby | Category: Travel, USA
Date of travel: Feb 7th, 2026

Mount Vernon is the famous home to the first president, George Washington. It’s a top highlight landmark when visiting Virginia, especially if you’re into American history. It’s open year-round but gets especially busy in the summer. Follow this guide for a comprehensive overview of the property and what to see here!

Tip: Watching the musical Hamilton prior to coming to become a fangirl/boy of George Washington first is highly recommended so you can have the songs stuck in your head as you walk around and intermittently shout “Here comes the general!”.

Address: 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial Hwy, Mt Vernon, VA 22121
Hours: 9am-5pm April – October; 9am-4pm November – March (double check the website, hours may vary depending on weather)
Website: https://www.mountvernon.org/
Cost: $28/adult; $14/child for admission – cost of tours extra (see below)
Parking: Free on site, plenty of parking available

A little background information on Mount Vernon

Mount Vernon is the famous estate and home of the first president, George Washington. The property was originally called Little Creek Hunting Plantation and was owned by his father, Augustine Washington. After his father’s death, the property was left to his older half-brother, Lawrence Washington, who renamed it ‘Mount Vernon’ after his old commander from the British navy, Admiral Edward Vernon (Vernon was a bit of a celebrity at the time and Lawrence felt that associating himself with Vernon’s name would elevate his social status).

After Lawrence passed away from tuberculosis in 1752, the property transferred over to his only surviving daughter, Sarah Washington. However, Sarah passed away just 2 years later and Lawrence’s widow Anne Fairfax inherited the property. By this time, Anne had already remarried and no longer lived at Mount Vernon. She leased it to George and when Anne passed away in 1761, George inherited the property outright as outlined in Lawrence’s will.

George and Martha lived on the property for the remaining 45 years of his life. Martha was already quite a wealthy woman when they married after inheriting the vast estate of her late husband. Together, her and George renovated the mansion and expanded the estate to include 5 surrounding farms – at its peak, Mount Vernon was 8000 acres!!

Today, Mount Vernon estate is renovated and preserved after what it looked like in the period when George and Martha lived here.

Scroll to the end of the page to continue the story of Mount Vernon ownership after George and Martha passed away.

Best time of year to visit?

You can visit any time of the year, however the best time to visit will be in the spring or summer when the plants and flowers in the gardens are in bloom. If you’re just here for history and to see the home of George Washington, then any time of the year will be fine.

Getting Here/Where to park?

The easiest way to get here is by driving. There are parking lots on the East and West sides of the George Washington Memorial Parkway as you approach the entrance. There is plenty of parking available at no additional cost, however the parking lot is a small distance from the visitors center that requires about a 5 minute walk. If you have people in your party that need a little extra time or assistance walking, consider dropping them off at the front gate before heading to the parking lot.

You can also get here by public transport, a shuttle bus, by boat from Washington, DC, or by bicycle. Check out their website for the most up to date and comprehensive instructions on how to get here: https://www.mountvernon.org/plan-your-visit/directions-parking-transportation .

How much is admission?

The cost to visit Mount Vernon can get quite pricey depending on whether you want to add on additional tours. I’d recommend buying tickets online early since the tours are timed and can sell out early. Mount Vernon gets very popular in the warmer months. Be warned: the online checkout process is like booking a ticket on a cheap airline – there are seemingly never-ending add-ons, so set aside a few extra minutes to make sure you’re buying tickets for what you want.

I’ve broken down the cost and the MANY tour options below:

  • Base admission cost (grounds pass): $30 per adult, $16 per child ages 6-11
    • Includes an audio tour, self-guided access to the historic area (including outbuildings, gardens, tomb, farm), and the museum. It does NOT include access to inside the mansion, which can only be seen with a guided tour.
    • On Saturdays and Sundays from April through October, you also get access to the distillery & gristmill.
    • The
  • Mansion tour (20 mins): +$2 per person
    • I don’t know why they don’t just include the tour in the price of the ticket since it’s only an additional $2.
    • If you join an in-depth tour, it will include the mansion tour as well so you don’t need to purchase it again.
    • These are timed tours, so you’ll have to select a time slow when booking your tickets.
  • The Enslaved People of Mount Vernon Tour (60 mins): FREE, but tour times very limited
    • A 60-minute walking tour that explores the lives and contributions of the many enslaved people that worked on this estate as well as the 5 surrounding farms that made up Washington’s 8,000 acre plantation.
    • This is a free tour, however the available times for the tour are very limited and books up early. We unfortunately couldn’t get a spot since there was only 1 tour time available the day we visited in the middle of winter. There should be more tour times in the warmer seasons.
  • Through My Eyes Tour (60 mins): +$10 per person
    • A 60-minute walking tour of the estate that is given by a character interpreter (Washington’s granddaughter, personal secretary, farm manager, or enslaved valet). They will go about their daily activities and make stops along the way.
  • In-Depth Tour (75 mins): +$60 per person
    • A 75-minute walking tour of the estate grounds including the mansion, the farm, old tomb, and a bit of the trails. It also touches on the subject of the enslaved people that worked on this estate and surrounding plantations.
    • This is the most in-depth and comprehensive tour. This is also the only tour where you can look inside the old tomb where George Washington was originally buried.
    • Although pricey, choose this option if you want to get the best understanding of the estate, but keep in mind that you also get free audio guides with a standard admission.
    • This is the tour we chose. We had limited time to spend here and we decided that a walking tour would be the best way to get the most of Mount Vernon!
  • Photo Cruise Tour (45 mins): +$7-$11 per person (warm seasons only)
    • A 45 minute cruise on the Potomac River about the history of the river and how it contributed to Washington’s business ventures.
    • Offered in warm seasons only – check the website for updated times
  • Gardens and Landscape Tour (60 mins): +$10 per person (warm seasons only)
    • A 60 minute tour of the gardens and landscape of Mount Vernon
    • Offered in warm seasons only – check the website for updated times
  • Hamilton the Musical Tour (60 mins): +$10 per person
    • A brand new tour on offer.
    • Although there’s no record of Alexander Hamilton visiting Mount Vernon, this 60 minute tour explores Washington’s views on many of the themes that the musical addresses.

If you want to keep costs to a minimum, I’d recommend just booking a general admission ticket which will come with a free audio guide that you can do at your own pace, a $2 mansion tour, and reserve a spot for the free enslaved people tour. The general admission gives you access to the entire estate that includes the museum, outbuildings, film, and both old and new tomb.

If you’re looking for the most comprehensive experience with a guide, book the In-depth tour which includes a short walk around the grounds and a tour inside of the mansion, then take the free enslaved people tour to get more behind-the-scenes insight, although the in-depth tour will also touch on this subject. Consider adding on the gardens tour if you’re into the landscape and the flora of the estate and the photo cruise tour if you want a different view of the property.

*NOTE: It takes at least 10 minutes at a good pace to walk from the parking lot, through the entrance, out the back garden to the actual mansion itself, so book a tour time at least 20 minutes after your intended arrival time to give yourself plenty of time!

How much time do I need here?

It depends on whether you want to do a tour and how thorough you are. You can split up your visit into 3 parts:

  • Film: A 22 minute video at the visitors center
  • Museum: A decent size George Washington museum where you can learn about him, his family, and see artifacts that belonged to him
  • Estate Grounds: Where you can wander on your own or with a guided tour. The estate includes his tomb, the home, and small buildings where the enslaved worked

If you want to do everything thoroughly, plan for at least 5 hours here (depending on which and how many tours you book). We were in a bit of a time crunch and spent about 3 hours here where we were able to fit in the 75min in-depth tour, walking around the grounds on our own, and going through the museum at a moderate pace. We didn’t have time to watch the film.

What to expect at Mount Vernon:

The grounds to Mount Vernon are massive. I’ve attached a map below to give you an idea. The main things to do are concentrated around the visitor center/museum area and the mansion and the surrounding small buildings and gardens. There are walking paths that will lead you to the old and new tomb as well as the Slave Memorial.

There’s an attached farm, forest trail, distillery, and wharf that are further out from the main part of the property that we did not visit and was not highlighted by the staff.

Parking & The Visitors/Orientation Center

There is plenty of parking available at no additional cost, however the parking lot is a small distance from the visitors center that requires about a 5 minute walk. If you have people in your party that need a little extra time or assistance walking, consider dropping them off at the front gate before heading to the parking lot.

Once you reach the front gate, continue walking and you will see the visitors center where there will be security screening before you can enter the property.

Inside the visitors center:

Revolutionary War Theater

The Revolutionary War Theater is attached to the visitors center. It shows a 22 minute 4D film (yes, with special effects) called Washington’s War. It highlights George Washington’s role in the Revolutionary War that led to the independence of America.

The film plays every half hour starting at 9:30 a.m. with the final showing at 5:30 p.m.

Admission to the film is included in the ticket price.

George Washington Museum

The George Washington Museum is also attached to the visitors center. This is where the bulk of the information lies about the life of George Washington, his estate, and his family. There are artifacts here that he owned and there’s a lot of interesting information here. I’d recommend coming here first before heading up to the estate for background information to appreciate the grounds better.

Portraits of the family from left to right: Martha and George. They never had children together. The two children in the portrait beside them are from Martha’s previous marriage. One of them passed away early and the other had 4 children (grandchildren to George and Martha) depicted on the far right.
Mansion and Estate

The mansion and the rest of the estate is about a 10-15 minute walk from the back of the visitors center (see the attached map above for reference). If you have a timed tour, be sure to give yourself extra time to walk to the top where the tours start. It’s a slight uphill walk through the gardens on a paved pathway.

The outside of the mansion was partially under renovations when we visited. They were doing some upgrades around the property as well as the gardens in preparation for America’s 250th anniversary this year and the peak summer tourism.

The main mansion is in the center and is flanked by smaller buildings on either side. To the left is ‘Servants Hall’ where it was used by visitors’ servants and to the right is the kitchen which is separated from the main building in case of a fire.

You need to book a guided tour to get access inside of the buildings. It’s an additional $2 on top of your admission fee and tours are timed. If you ask me, they should’ve just charged an extra $2 to the admission fee to include the mansion tour to make it easier for people rather than having to book a separate ticket. Most people come here to see the mansion anyway. If you don’t have a ticket, you have to go all the way back to the visitors center to reserve one and hope there are time slots left. 😒

*The mansion tour is included in the “In-depth Tour”.

The mansion has 21 rooms over 3 floors, including multiple bedrooms for the many guests they would have, some showing up unexpectedly. Here’s a collection of photos of the beautiful rooms I took on the tour. I especially loved how bright and colourful the paint/wallpaper is in some of the rooms.

This green was the most expensive at the time. The ceiling is also one of the last remaining stucco ceilings in the US.

There is also a Piazza/deck on the outside of the building that overlooks the Potomac River where they would sit outside to enjoy the views and tea, but unfortunately it was the middle of winter and that part was under renovation at the time of our visit.

To find out more about these rooms, check out this link to their website for a breakdown of each room as well as a virtual tour: https://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/the-mansion/the-mansion-room-by-room

Outbuildings (greenhouse/enslaved quarters/Stove Room, shoemaker shed, blacksmith shed, spinning House)

Mount Vernon estate was massive which included surrounding farmland. They had 319 slaves in their time here with varying roles on the property. You can walk into the surrounding outbuildings around the mansion to get a glimpse of the roles the enslaved had here. There is a free tour that focuses on the lives of the enslaved people, however you need a timed ticket and spaces are limited, so I’d recommend reserving your ticket early!

Old Tomb

There are two tombs on the estate. The first one is the old tomb where George Washington was originally buried along with other people in his family. In his will, he stipulated building a second tomb where he wished to be buried. This new tomb wasn’t completed until after his death where he was moved later.

You can walk up to the old tomb, but you can’t see inside unless you’re on the In-depth Tour. I took a photo of the inside when our tour guide opened it. It is surprisingly small!

New Tomb

The new tomb is located a bit further away from the house. Walk through the tree-lined paths to get to the tomb.

Grounds (Trails, cemetery of the enslaved people, Farm)

There are multiple tree-lined paths around the estate. It’s a lovely peaceful walk around. There are a couple of small buildings with barn animals around the property. There is also a cemetery of the enslaved people with a memorial statue and plaques that outline where some of the known gravesites are.

What happened to Mount Vernon after George Washington passed away?

After George passed away, the property was transferred to Martha where she lived until her death. Since they had no children together, the property was then inherited by Bushrod Washington, George’s nephew. He had no passion or skill for farming and it was also a time of Virginia’s agricultural decline. Under his ownership, the property started to fall into disrepair.

Bushrod Washington had no children, so after his death the property was inherited by his nephew, John Augustine Washington II. During his ownership, he built the new tomb as outlined in George Washington’s will. Upon his death, his widow Jane Charlotte Blackburn Washington inherited the property then subsequently leased it to her son John Augustine Washington III for five hundred dollars per year in 1841.

Unfortunately by the 1850s, John Augustine Washington III (George’s great-grand nephew) was struggling to make Mount Vernon profitable due to soil exhaustion and poor harvests of the farms. The once vast 8000 acre farm was now down to 1200 acres and was still insufficient to sustain the family’s needs and maintain upkeep of the estate. John tried to bring in money by opening the property to tourists, however this only led to increase deterioration to the property and damage from souvenir-hunters wanting a piece of this historical property. He unsuccessfully attempted to sell the property to the state of Virginia and the federal government. In 1858, the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association purchased the property and became the last owner.

For more information on the owners and ownership timeline, check out their website here: https://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/the-mansion/owners-of-mount-vernon

Some Final Thoughts

  • Allow yourself enough time to get through everything.
  • It gets very busy during the summer months, so book tickets and timed tours ahead of time before they sell out.
  • Seriously, watch Hamilton the musical if you haven’t already. It’s only a 5 hour drive to Times Square (or stream it, but it will be less exhilarating).

That’s a wrap! If you’ve visited Mount Vernon and think I’ve missed something or have any information to share, I’d love to hear about it in the comments!

Looking for more George Washington history? Check out the town of Alexandria, only a 30 minute drive south from Mount Vernon!

Your Ultimate Day Trip to Alexandria, Virginia: What to See and Do


Alexandria, Virginia, founded in the mid-1700s as a tobacco trading post, is rich in history, notably as George Washington’s hometown. Key attractions include Old Town’s preserved streets, the Torpedo Factory Arts Center, and the George Washington Masonic National Memorial. Follow this guide for a one-day itinerary that covers all the highlights!

Essential Guide to a Day Trip in Arlington, VA


Date Published: May 20th, 2026 | Last Updated: May 20th, 2026
Author: Abby | Category: Travel, USA
Date of travel: Feb 7th, 2026

Arlington, Virginia offers many memorials and is home to the famous Arlington Cemetery. It is a just across the Potomac River from Washington, DC. There’s not a *ton* to do in Arlington, but I’d recommend visiting as a stopover trip if you’re visiting Washington, DC. It’s only about a 10-15 minute drive and connected via multiple bridges.

Check out my Washington, DC post below if you need some of where to go in the area:

3 Days in Washington, DC


In June we spent 3 days in Washington, DC seeing the historic site, visiting a few really cool museums, and finding the good food!

How much time do I need?

All of the memorials are quite close together, so you can visit them all within a couple hours. I’d make this a day trip rather than an overnighter.

Best time of year to travel?

The memorials are open year-round, but there are limited hours in the winter time. Double check the websites before going.

Where to stay?

There’s not a ton of things to do in Arlington, but no doubt hotels will be cheaper here compared to Washington, DC. I’d recommend staying in the Pentagon City area in Arlington, or across the river in DC for more walkability and things to do.

Getting Around

Driving or ride-sharing will be the easiest way to get around to these memorials. Parking is free for these sites but some areas can have limited parking. Look for free street parking as well.

Things to Do:

Here is an overview map of all the points of interest in Arlington:

National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial (at the Pentagon)

Address: 1 N Rotary Rd, Arlington, VA 22202
Opening hours: 24 hours, 7 days a week
Cost of entry: free
Parking: free on site
Time needed here: 5-30 minutes
Website: https://www.pentagonmemorial.org/visitor-resources/

The National 9/11 Pentagon memorial is a permanent outdoor memorial to the 184 lives that were lost when the hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon on September 11th, 2001. The memorial commemorates the lives of those that were in the building and also those on the flight.

There are 184 granite benches here, organized in a specific purpose. You read more about the aspects of the monument here: https://www.pentagonmemorial.org/design-elements/

The memorial is located just beside the pentagon. To get here, you can either drive and park at the big outdoor parking lot (parking is free) then enter by foot through a side entrance, or you can take public transport (see the website for directions for public transport).

The memorial is open 24 hours a day, every day. There are no security checks, you can walk freely in and out.

You can spend as much or as little time here as you like. To walk through the entire memorial takes about 5-10 minutes, but you can certainly stay longer and read through the memorial benches and enjoy the peaceful setting. There’s an online audio/video tour you can access on their website here: https://vimeo.com/23906742?fl=pl&fe=sh

It was an extremely cold and windy day when we came in the middle of winter, so we just did a quick stopover, but it was indeed very peaceful here.

US Air Force Memorial

Address: 1 Air Force Memorial Dr, Arlington, VA 22204
Opening hours: 8am – 6pm (7pm in the summer – check the website for up to date opening times)
Cost of entry: free
Parking: free on site and side of the road
Time needed here: 5 – 30 minutes
Website: https://www.afdw.af.mil/afmemorial/

The US Air Force Memorial honours the men, women, and heritage of the US Air Force. It’s a structure made of 3 tall stainless steel spires that represents “jet and space vehicle flight”. Surrounding the spires are granite walls with inscriptions dedicated to the people of the Air Force.

It is easiest to get here by car. Parking is free at the side of the road. You spend as little as 5 minutes here or longer if you want to read through the inscriptions on the granite walls.

Gravelly Point Park

Address: George Washington Memorial Parkway, Arlington, VA, 22202 (no specific address, GPS coordinates: 38.865734, -77.040231)
Opening hours: 24/7, however gates for parking lot closed 10pm-6am – you can park on the street
Cost of entry: free
Parking: free on site (limited parking lot) and side of the road

Gravelly Point is a public park just off the George Washington Memorial Parkway. It’s not a must do for a busy itinerary, but if you’ve got some time to spare, it’s a nice open field with views of the Potomac River and you can see planes taking off nearby. It’s not overly scenic, but it’s a nice place to have a picnic or relax on the grass.

There’s a small parking lot here, but when we visited it was covered in snow and ice, so we parked on the side of the road.

Arlington National Cemetery

Address: 1 Memorial Avenue, Arlington, Virginia
Opening hours: 8am – 5pm, every day
Cost of entry: free
Parking: Dedicated parking area, $3 per hour, maximum $12 for the day (parking lot closes promptly at 6pm)
Time needed here: 2-3 hours to visit the highlights
Website: https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/

The Arlington National Cemetery is an active military cemetery and is THE main attraction for tourists. Unfortunately they closed the cemetery when we were in town due to poor weather and icy conditions, so we’ll have to come back on our next trip 😔.

Entry into the cemetery is free. No guided tours are offered, but there are multiple self-guided trails with tons of information available through their website: https://education.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Tours .

A few notable areas inside the cemetery include:

  • The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: A monument that honours the unidentified fallen US soldiers. This tomb is guarded 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The Changing of the Guard ceremony is an iconic experience to watch at the time. The changing of the guard ceremony schedule is as follows:
    • Summer (April 1 to September 30): Every 30 minutes
    • Winter (October 1 to March 31): Every hour on the hour
    • After Hours (When the cemetery is closed): Every 2 hours
    • You can find out more about the changing of the guard and verify the times on their website here: https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/explore/changing-of-the-guard
  • John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame: The gravesite of John F. Kennedy, marked by an ongoing flame that overlooks Washington, DC.
  • Arlington House (The Robert E. Lee Memorial): A historic mansion located at the top of a hill with views. This mansion was the former home of the confederate general, Robert E. Lee before it was seized by the Union army during the civil war.

Note: the cemetery is massive and is all outdoors. Make sure you wear comfortable walking shoes and a hat and water bottle on hot days!

US Marine Corps War Memorial

Address: no street address, but type in “US Marine Corps War Memorial” in Google maps and it’ll direct you to it
Opening hours: 6am – midnight, every day
Cost of entry: free
Parking: free, but limited to 1 hour
Time needed here: 5 – 30 mins
Website: https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/planyourvisit/usmc_memorial.htm

The US Marine Corps War Memorial is an iconic statue that is based on the famous photo of six Marines erecting an American flag on Iwo Jima during World War II. This memorial is dedicated to “the Marine dead of all wars and their comrades of other services who fell fighting beside them”.

Fashion Centre at Pentagon City (shopping mall)

Address: 1100 S Hayes St, Arlington, VA 22202, United States
Opening hours: 10am – 9pm most days, (closes at 6pm on Sundays)
Cost of entry: free
Parking: $4 for the first hour, then increases. Maximum $21/day. Parking garage operated by Denison parking. Find out more about the rates here: https://denisonparking.com/fashion-centre-pentagon-city-ar/
Time needed here: as long as you want – it’s a massive mall
Website: https://www.simon.com/mall/fashion-centre-at-pentagon-city

This isn’t a touristy must-do, but Fashion Centre at Pentagon City is a HUGE mall. So if you’re looking for some time to kill or just enjoy walking around malls and need to do some shopping, Fashion Centre is a good choice!

Caesar Salad Dressing from Scratch in less than 10 Minutes!


Date Published: Feb 3rd, 2026 | Last Updated: Feb 3rd, 2026
Author: Abby |Category: easy, <15 mins, sauces/dips, salads
Serves: 1.5 cups of dressing (enough for 4 salads as mains) | Prep time: 8 minutes | Mix time: 1 minute

Jump to recipe |

This recipe is easy and cooks up quickly! You won’t believe how fast it is to make your own Cesar dressing from scratch. Homemade Cesar dressing has a much richer flavour than store-bought bottled dressings and it all comes together in less than 10 minutes. You can prepare this the day-of or ahead of time and it keeps well in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 1 week. I can guarantee that you’ll never go back to pre-bottled Cesar dressing again after giving this recipe a try!

Anyways, without further ado, here’s the recipe! If you have any comments or suggestions, I’d love to hear from you in the comment section! You can follow me on instagram, youtube and facebook to see all the recipes I post!

Happy cooking!

Ingredients you’ll need:

  • 2 cloves of garlic, minced
  • 1.5 tsps (14g) anchovy paste (or 14g of canned anchovy fillets ground down to a paste)
  • 1 Tbsp (16g) fresh lemon juice
  • 1 tsp (8g) Dijon mustard
  • 1.5 tsps (10g) Worcestershire sauce
  • 1 cup (224g) good quality mayonnaise (or even Kewpie!)
  • 1/2 cup (60g) grated Parmigiana-reggiano
  • 1/2 tsp fresh ground black pepper
  • Salt to taste

Directions:

  1. Mix everything together in a bowl. Taste and adjust ingredients to personal preference. Done!

Summarized Recipe:

Caesar Salad Dressing from Scratch in less than 10 Minutes!

Date Published: Feb 3rd, 2026 | Last Updated: Feb 3rd, 2026
Author: Abby |Category: easy, <15 mins, sauces/dips, salads
Serves: 1.5 cups of dressing (enough for 4 salads as mains) | Prep time: 8 minutes | Mix time: 1 minutes

Ingredients:

  • 2 cloves of garlic, minced
  • 1.5 tsps (14g) anchovy paste (or 14g of canned anchovy fillets ground down to a paste)
  • 1 Tbsp (16g) fresh lemon juice
  • 1 tsp (8g) Dijon mustard
  • 1.5 tsps (10g) Worcestershire sauce
  • 1 cup (224g) mayonnaise
  • 1/2 cup (60g) grated Parmigiana-reggiano
  • 1/2 tsp fresh ground black pepper
  • Salt to taste

Directions:

  1. Mix everything together in a bowl. Taste and adjust ingredients to personal preference. Done!

Hearty Mushroom & Pumpkin Curry – the Perfect Winter Meal


Date Published: Nov 13th, 2025 | Last Updated: Nov 13th, 2025
Author: Abby |Category: vegetarian, mains, asian
Serves: 4 | Prep time: 25 mins | Cook time: 40 mins

Jump to recipe |

If you’re a fan of mushrooms, pumpkin, and curry, this is the perfect recipe for you! Adapted from this New York Times Recipe, this is the ultimate winter comfort dish. It’s savoury, hearty, filling, and packed with flavour! This curry is fully vegetarian & vegan, but for my carnivorous readers, you could easily add in some shredded roasted chicken at the end to amp up the protein, but this robust curry stands well on its own and is guaranteed to be filling.

This recipe is easy and keeps well in the fridge, so you can make it ahead of time or meal prep for the week!

Anyways, without further ado, here’s the recipe! If you have any comments or suggestions, I’d love to hear from you in the comment section! You can follow me on instagram, youtube and facebook to see all the recipes I post!

Happy cooking!

Ingredients you’ll need:

  • 1.2kg pumpkin or butternut squash (roughly 1/4 of a pumpkin), peeled and diced into 3cm cubes
  • Salt and black pepper
  • 6 medium shallots (or 1 medium onion), diced
  • 1 tsp (4g) black mustard seeds
  • 1 tsp (3g) cumin seeds
  • 40-50 (10g) fresh curry leaves (feel free to chop it into into halves or thirds if you prefer to eat smaller leaves in the curry)
  • 4 garlic cloves, minced
  • 2 tsps (4g) ground coriander
  • 1 tsp (3g) ground turmeric
  • 2 tsps of kosher salt
  • 1/2 tsp ground cayenne (optional)
  • 1 long green chilli (jalapeño or serrano), diced and deseeded (keep the seeds in if you want it spicier) (optional)
  • 750g mix of mushrooms, cleaned and sliced (use mushrooms that will hold its shape well well when cooking – I used a mix of Brown Beech, Baby Bellas, and Oyster mushrooms. Avoid enokis – they will get stringy and too soft in this recipe.)
  • 1 zucchini, diced
  • 1 can (403ml) unsweetened coconut milk
  • Optional: splash of fish sauce instead of salt at the end for extra flavour
  • Serve with: cooked basmati rice

Directions:

Preheat oven to 200˚C/400˚F.

Place the diced pumpkin onto a baking tray and add a drizzle of olive oil and a good sprinkle of salt and pepper. Mix thoroughly and and bake in the preheated oven for 15-20 minutes, until the pumpkin is nearly cooked (soft enough to pierce with a fork but still with some resistance). Set aside until ready to use.

In a pot or a deep pan on MED-HIGH heat, add a drizzle of olive oil and the diced shallots. Cook for 2 minutes until it starts to soften.

Then add in 1 tsp mustard seeds, 1 tsp cumin seeds, and curry leaves. Let it sizzle for 30 seconds then add in the minced garlic, 2 tsps ground coriander, 1 tsp ground turmeric, 2 tsps salt, 1/2 tsp ground cayenne (if using), and diced green chiles (if using). Cook for another 30 seconds.

Next, add in the mushrooms and zucchini and sauté for 3-5 minutes until the mushrooms start to soften, then add in the 1 can of coconut milk and roasted pumpkin (from step 2). Simmer until the vegetables are fully cooked (5-10 minutes).

Taste and season wth salt (or fish sauce) to your liking. Done! Serve immediately with white rice or let the flavours infuse overnight and serve the next day. Enjoy!

Optional step: Pick out the curry leaves at the end if you’re bothered by the fibrous texture.

Summarized Recipe:

Hearty Mushroom & Pumpkin Curry – the Perfect Winter Meal

Date Published: Nov 13th, 2025 | Last Updated: Nov 13th, 2025
Author: Abby |Category: vegetarian, mains, asian
Serves: 4 | Prep time: 25 mins | Cook time: 40 mins

Ingredients:

  • 1.2kg pumpkin (roughly 1/4 of a pumpkin), peeled and diced into 3cm cubes
  • Salt and black pepper
  • 6 medium shallots (or 1 medium onion), diced
  • 1 tsp (4g) black mustard seeds
  • 1 tsp (3g) cumin seeds
  • 40-50 (10g) fresh curry leaves (feel free to chop it into into halves or thirds if you prefer to eat smaller leaves in the curry)
  • 4 garlic cloves, minced
  • 2 tsps (4g) ground coriander
  • 1 tsp (3g) ground turmeric
  • 2 tsps of kosher salt
  • 1/2 tsp ground cayenne (optional)
  • 1 long green chilli (jalapeño or serrano), diced and deseeded (keep the seeds in if you want it spicier) (optional)
  • 750g mix of mushrooms, cleaned and sliced (use mushrooms that will hold its shape well well when cooking – I used a mix of Brown Beech, Baby Bellas, and Oyster mushrooms. Avoid enokis – they will get stringy and too soft in this recipe.)
  • 1 zucchini, diced
  • 1 can (403ml) unsweetened coconut milk
  • Optional: splash of fish sauce instead of salt at the end for extra flavour
  • Serve with: cooked basmati rice

Directions:

  1. Preheat oven to 200˚C/400˚F.
  2. Place the diced pumpkin onto a baking tray and add a drizzle of olive oil and a good sprinkle of salt and pepper. Mix thoroughly and and bake in the preheated oven for 15-20 minutes, until the pumpkin is nearly cooked (soft enough to pierce with a fork but still with some resistance). Set aside until ready to use.
  3. In a pot or a deep pan on MED-HIGH heat, add a drizzle of olive oil and the diced shallots. Cook for 2 minutes until it starts to soften then add in 1 tsp mustard seeds, 1 tsp cumin seeds, and curry leaves. Let it sizzle for 30 seconds then add in the minced garlic, 2 tsps ground coriander, 1 tsp ground turmeric, 2 tsps salt, 1/2 tsp ground cayenne (if using), and diced green chiles (if using). Cook for another 30 seconds.
  4. Next, add in the mushrooms and zucchini and sauté for 3-5 minutes until the mushrooms start to soften, then add in the roasted pumpkin (from step 2) and 1 can of coconut milk. Simmer until the vegetables are fully cooked (5-10 minutes). Taste and season wth salt (or fish sauce) to your liking. Done! Serve immediately with white rice or let the flavours infuse overnight and serve the next day. Enjoy!
  5. Optional step: Pick out the curry leaves at the end if you’re bothered by the fibrous texture.

Everything You Need to Know to Witness the Incredible Horseshoe Crab Migration


Date Published: Nov. 12th, 2025 | Last Updated: Nov. 12th, 2025
Author: Abby | Category: Travel, USA
Date of travel: June 9-10, 2025

Being veterinarians, Toby and I get super excited about nature and different species of wildlife so of course when I found out about the horseshoe migration in Delaware, we just had to go! Toby had actually never seen a horseshoe crab in person before until last year at the New Jersey Science Centre and it blew his mind (they don’t have them in Australia)! The chance to see thousands of them in their natural habitat was something we just couldn’t pass up.

Horseshoe crabs are an amazing ancient species with fossils dating as far back as 445 million years – predating the dinosaurs! Despite the name, these incredible “living fossils” aren’t actually related to crabs at all! They’re related to the extinct trilobites and more closer related to spiders. They have fascinating anatomy and look unlike anything else on this planet – they kind of remind me of a Pokémon 😅.

When we were planning for our Delaware trip, there was surprisingly very limited information available on seeing the horseshoe crab migration. I thought this would’ve been a big tourist attraction for this amazing once a year event, but apparently not! After scouring the internet, I managed to piece together enough information for our trip and I’m sharing it here with you all!

If you want to learn more about horseshoe crabs, I found this website very helpful and informative in our research and education on the horseshoe crab, I highly recommend checking it out: https://horseshoecrab.org/

What is the Horseshoe Crab Migration?

Once a year, millions of horseshoe crabs make the journey from their natural habitat in the deeper ocean to the shallow coastal areas to spawn. This is one of the world’s oldest and largest wildlife migrations – it’s like witnessing a Planet Earth special in real life!

During spawning, the egg-laden females emit pheromones to attract the males and a single male will attach to the back of the female with special clasps. Once attached the pair will make the journey to the shore (pretty much a free piggy-back ride for the male who is usually much smaller in size than the female) where the female will deposit her eggs in the sand and the male will externally fertilize the eggs at the same time she deposits them. Although there can only be one male that attaches, often there are “satellite males” that huddle around one female in hopes of also fertilizing the eggs.

Incredibly, one female can lay 80,000 eggs in one season!!! 🤯🤯🤯 You’ll see millions of little tiny dark green eggs on the shore during the migration. These eggs provide a nutritious source for migratory birds, so you’ll also see tons of signs for migrating birds in the area at the same time.

Look at all the eggs getting washed around the shore! 🤯

Where to see the Horseshoe Crab Migration?

Map of spawning habitats of the Horseshoe Crabs (https://www.horseshoecrab.org/nh/habitat.html)

The Delaware Bay is the most popular place to see the horseshoe crab migration due to its location and protection from large ocean waves as well as sandy beaches. The states of Delaware and New Jersey surrounds the Delaware Bay so you should be be able to see them on either the Delaware side or the New Jersey side. Luckily there is a ferry that connects Lewes/Cape Henlopen and Cape May so you can check out both sides if you have the time (trip takes 1.5 hours one-way)! We had better luck on the New Jersey side this year but we were also two days away from the full moon on the Delaware side and only one day away from the full moon on the Jersey.

Selection of the perfect spawning site can depend on a number of factors including how coarse or fine the sand is, how quickly the sand drains, sediment of the beach…etc. The most preferred sites are usually next to large intertidal sand flat areas. Thankfully horseshoecrab.org provides a map of the popular spawning sites with the highest densities on their website seen above.

You can try your luck at any of these beaches, but since there’s only so much time between evening high tide and last light, you won’t be able to visit all of them to see the crabs before the sunset. Here are a few recommended beaches that I came across in my research:

A map of the popular beaches to see the horseshoe crab migration

Pickering Beach, DE: An official horseshoe crab sanctuary with limited public parking spaces along the road near the public access to the beach. Roughly 15 minutes south of Dover.

Kitts Hummock, DE: Another official horseshoe crab sanctuary, also with limited public parking spaces along the road near the public access to the beach.

Bowers Beach, DE: A public beach within a small bay community. There’s plenty of beach parking in a public lot on South Flack Avenue a block away (type in “Bowers Beach Parking Lot” on Google Maps or 102 South Flack Avenue, Frederica).

DuPont Nature Center, DE (2992 Lighthouse Road, Milford): This is NOT a place to see horseshoe crabs in their nature, but instead it is an education centre with interactive exhibits if you want to learn more about the horseshoe crabs!

Slaughter Beach (354 State Road 15, Milford): One of the most popular hotspots, has plenty of parking.

Reeds Beach, Middle Township, NJ: One of the more popular spots on the New Jersey Side to see the migration due to its closer vicinity to Cape May.

Our actual experience: Due to timing and our travel itinerary, we chose Slaughter Beach as our beach of choice to see the migration. Even though we went at the perfect time of day, unfortunately being that it was the end of the season and we were still 2 days out from the full moon, we only saw one mating pair. I was really disappointed after all of the effort we took to plan our trip around the migration. Luckily we had already planned to take the ferry to Cape May the next day to continue our road trip, and decided last minute to try our luck on the New Jersey side at Reeds Beach. On our way to Reeds Beach, there was a small tiny beach between a few houses on the side of the road that had TONS of horseshoe crabs!! I was ecstatic! After spending a good half an hour or so here, we headed up to Reeds Beach which surprisingly, although was a MUCH bigger beach, the number of horseshoe crabs here were a lot less (but definitely more migratory birds), so we went back to the original tiny beach 2 minutes away. My take on this experience is that if you don’t see many crabs, try driving around the area along the waters to see if there’s a pocket of beach with more crabs! (But also more importantly, try to go on a full moon or new moon unlike us to increase your chances at seeing them.)

Here are some photos of our experience at Slaughter Beach (Toby found a HUGE female that was unfortunately dead but super cool to see the anatomy up close):

Here are some photos of the little beach we found between some houses on our way to Reeds Beach in New Jersey:

Here are some photos of Reeds Beach, NJ – not as many horseshoe crabs but TONS of eggs on the shore and migratory birds in the distance:

Timing is Crucial to Witness the Migration!

The horseshoe crab migration happens every year in the spring between the end of April to the start of June, with the peak season in mid May-June. We were late to the migration when we went on June 9th-10th 2025 and although we didn’t see as many on the Delaware side, we saw plenty on the New Jersey side (more on this later).

Peak spawning occurs on a full moon or new moon and in the evening at high tide. You want to arrive at least 30 mins before high tide (it actually lines up nicely with sunset to make it all the more magical!).

The monthly tide charts on the US Harbors website is useful when picking a date and time since it has both the moon phase and the tide times in their charts. Check it out here (I have it set to Bowers Beach, but you can always google more specific tide times depending on which beach you choose to go): https://www.usharbors.com/harbor/delaware/bowers-beach-de/tides/#monthly-tide-chart

Here is a sample of the May 2026 tide chart from the US Harbors website. In case you’re unfamiliar with reading their tide chart, I’ve circled the important areas in blue and red:

To read the chart to pick the best day:

1) First look at the Moon column on the right and determine which dates are full moon and new moon. From the chart, the full moon is on Sat May 2nd and the new moon is on Sun May 17th.

2) From those dates, find the PM high tide time of the day. From the chart, it’s 10:49pm on May 2nd and 10:38pm on May 17th (circled in red).

3) Since you want to arrive 30 minutes ahead of the high tide, your ideal time to witness the migration in May 2026 would be on either May 2nd 10:19pm or May 17th at 10:08pm. (I’m writing this post in November 2025, so double check the charts before you go to ensure this forecasted information is still accurate if you’re going in May.)

Don’t worry if you can’t make it exactly on a full moon or a new moon, we were 2 days early before a full moon and still saw tons of them on the New Jersey side, but we did have to drive up and down the coast a little to find a good spot to see them.

As beautiful and amazing as this event is to witness, know that once the sun goes down, the horseshoe crabs will continue to come to shore and can get to horror movie-level numbers. I still found it really cool, but realize that it may not be for everyone – one of my coworkers was not a fan of my night time migration photos at all 😂.

Here are some night time photos of the migration so you know what to expect:

If you get all 3 things correct in terms of timing (1. season, 2. full moon or new moon, 3. evening high tide), you should be able to see hundreds if not thousands of horseshoe crabs!

If you come back to the beach early next day, you may be able to see the migratory birds feeding on the eggs!

What to Bring to See the Horseshoe Crab Migration?

  • Sturdy waterproof shoes (ie. rain boots or waterproof hiking shoes)
    • The horseshoe crabs will hang out just on the shoreline where the water and the beach meet, so if you want to get up close, waterproof shoes are recommended to avoid your shoes from getting wet.
    • Depending on the beach, there can be a lot of debris, sticks, and dead horseshoe crabs that didn’t quite make it, so a sturdy pair of shoes will be best to walk through it.
    • I’d recommend rain boots as the shoe of choice because it can smell a little fishy on the beach (after all, they are spawning), so you want to wear shoes that are easy to rinse off afterwards.
  • Bug spray or covered clothing
    • We learned this the hard way. There were so many teeny tiny flies and although I wore leggings (albeit thin), they managed to bite through and around my uncovered ankles. Although not painful, I was hella itchy for a few weeks. I counted 14 bites on both legs when we got back to our hotel. 😫
  • Headlamp or flashlight
    • Depending on the day, if the evening high tide occurs after sunset, you’ll want a light source to see these guys best. The most abundant numbers occur at night and a headlamp will keep your hands free if you’re walking through debris or taking photos.

Now you’re ready!

Now that you know the season (spring, May-June), the day (full moon or new moon), the time (30 minutes prior to the evening high tide), and the location (beaches within the Delaware Bay), you’re now ready to see the amazing horseshoe crab migration! I’d love to hear about your trip in the comments!

One more thing, if you see any overturned horseshoe crabs…Just flip ’em!

Due to their wide anatomy and the rushing waves, unfortunately you’ll more than likely see a few overturned horseshoe crabs. Sometimes they’ll be able to correct their own position with the right tide or passerby, but more often than not many of them will die stranded. So if you see an overturned horseshoe crab, just flip them over! Although they can look a little scary and pointy up close, horseshoe crabs are very gentle creatures and they do not sting nor bite. The best and gentlest way to flip them over is to grab them by the edge of the shell and flip them over. Do not grab them by the tail! Although it doesn’t look like it, they actually have very delicate tails and can damage easily.

Spread the word! Save the stranded overturned horseshoe crabs!

The ERDG (Ecological Research & Development Group), a non-profit wildlife conservation that focuses on the conservation of the world’s four horseshoe crab species, has a “Just flip ’em program” that promotes flipping stranded horseshoe crabs (https://www.horseshoecrab.org/act/flipem.html) and has made a fantastically catchy song that can be found on the website or directly linked here: https://www.horseshoecrab.org/poem/img/makinmusic/justflipem.mp3. The lyrics are amazing and I’ve literally already listened to it 3 times back to back while writing this post 😂. I wish it was on Spotify.

PS: Horseshoe crab numbers are declining due to habitat destruction and you can volunteer to be a part of the horseshoe crab survey to keep an eye on the numbers: https://www.delawarebayhscsurvey.org/.

Their website has posted volunteer survey dates every year which is a good guide to when you should go see the horseshoe crabs. I’ve attached a copy of their 2025 dates top the left.

Some Final Thoughts

  • Horseshoe crabs are super cool.
  • The annual mass migration will blow your mind 🤯 and is 100% worth it.
  • There are only 2 “perfect” days every month (new moon and full moon), so make sure you plan ahead!
  • Wear good shoes you can wash – yes, it will smell fishy.
  • Flip over any stranded overturned horseshoe crabs!

Babička’s Makovec (Czech Poppy Seed Roll)


Date Published: Nov 11th, 2025 | Last Updated: Nov 11th, 2025
Author: Abby | Category: breads, Czech, dessert, pastry, snacks, vegetarian
Makes: 3 loaves (enough for a party or one Toby 😂) | Prep time: 1.5 hours | Cook time: 1 hour

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This is Toby’s all time favourite food that his babička (grandmother) makes when he visits her in Czech (next to Svíčková, of course!). We’ve been trying to learn this recipe for years, but true to OG-style grandma cooking, she measures nothing and everything is done by eyeballing it. I can usually get away by guessing the amounts she puts in when it comes to savoury cooking but baking requires precise measurements, so finally during our visit this past summer, we bought her some measuring spoons (which was surprisingly quite difficult to find to Czech) and whipped out the kitchen scale. Thanks to Toby’s translating and our diligent watchful eye on her every step (this lady moves fast in the kitchen!), I’m happy to report that we FINALLY learned her secrets and I’m very excited to add her recipe to my collection and share it with you all! 😊

Toby & a fresh tray of makovec that babi has just made for him ❤️

What is Makovec?

Makovec (pronounced: Mah-ko-vets) is a traditional Czech poppy seed roll pastry. It’s made of a light and fluffy bread-like pastry that’s rolled around a sweet filling made of freshly ground poppy seeds.

(Note: Some people use the term Makovec to describe a square poppy seed cake rather than the roll. According to Toby and babi, they’ve always referred to makovec as the roll.)

What makes this recipe so special from the others?

There are many variations of makovec around. Some people make it with raisins in the mixture, others put a lemon icing overtop. The neighbouring countries of Poland call it makowiec and Slovakia calls it maková štrúdla. This recipe is specifically Toby’s grandmother’s version. Call it nostalgic bias, but Toby and I have travelled quite a bit and he always gets super excited when he sees someone selling poppy seed cake, but no matter how many farmers markets and European bakeries we visit, nothing compares to babi’s version. Her version is made with strawberry jam mixed in the poppy seed filling for that extra strawberry flavour, and she finishes it off with a streusel crumb topping (which I’ve never seen anyone else do!). The ratio of bread to filling is also on point 👌 – too many times we find that there’s too much bread and not enough filling – poppy seed is not a robust flavour on its own so if there’s too much bread it drowns out the filling.

Toby & his babička making makovec (May 2025)

Grinding Poppy Seeds – Is it necessary?

Yes! Poppy seeds are the star of this dessert and it is imperative to grind down the seeds for a few reasons:

  1. Flavour: Grinding the seeds releases their natural rich oils and flavours. Eating unground poppy seed on its own is quite flavourless.
  2. Forming a paste: Ground seeds absorb moisture and is essential to form a paste when we’re cooking down the filling. You won’t get the texture we’re looking for unless the seeds are ground.
  3. Texture: Ground seeds are less gritty and provides a smoother texture when eating.

How to Grind Poppy Seeds

The best way to grind down poppy seeds is to use a dedicated poppy seed grinder. It’s usually about $40-$50 and is worth the investment if you’re into poppy seed desserts. We use this one from Tescoma: https://a.co/d/iUgRhGq. We found it to be reasonably priced with good reliability.

If you don’t have a poppy seed grinder, you can use a clean coffee grinder, spice grinder, mortar and pestle, or a food processor.

If you’re lucky and live near a European grocer, check if they have pre-ground poppy seeds for sale. I see it everywhere sold in Czech grocery stores due to the sheer popularity of poppy seed food items, but rarely outside of central Europe. Pre-ground poppy seeds can spoil quickly so sometimes it’s sold out of the refrigerated section.

Some Myths and Truths About Poppy Seeds

Poppy seeds have the notorious reputation of causing people to test falsely positive for opiates on urine drug tests (remember that episode of Seinfeld where Elaine tested positive after eating a poppy seed bagel?). I always thought that you needed to ingest very large amounts of it to test positive, but on an episode of Mythbusters, Adam tested positive within half an hour of eating a large slice of poppy seed cake and Jamie tested positive 2 hours after eating 3 poppy seed bagels! So if you’re in a situation where they do routine urine testing, you might want to hold off on making this or ask for a blood test instead. 😅

Despite possibly testing false positive for opiates, you won’t actually feel any opiate-related effects or “highs” from eating poppy seeds. Toby has eaten TRAYS of makovec (which is a LOT Of poppy seeds) and seen no ill effects.

How does this happen, you ask? Poppy seeds themselves have no opium content, however the milky white fluid that comes from the seed pod of the poppy called the “latex” is what contains the opium content. There is a possibility of contamination of the latex onto the seeds during the harvesting process, but don’t worry, poppy seeds sold for general use/foods are all washed prior to sale. In fact, there are actually legalities around buying unwashed poppy seeds. In the United States, at least 12 deaths have been reported in association with the use of tea made from unwashed poppy seeds causing lethal opiate overdose! (Here’s a pdf from the DEA if you want to learn more about poppy seeds: https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/unwashed_poppy_seed.pdf)

Anyways, if you’re a fan of poppy seed pastries, give this recipe a try! It looks like a long recipe, but it’s not all that difficult, just very wordy to describe.

I’ve had to tweak her recipe a little due to difficulty of obtaining certain ingredients outside of Europe (I’m looking at you, coarse flour 😒), but after multiple taste tests, Toby gave the stamp of approval that it’s just like babi’s! The photos in this post are a mix of photos from when she taught us how to make this dish in Czech and me re-making them in our apartment back in Brooklyn.

Note: To make the most accurate version of this recipe, I would recommend using the grams/mls measurements as this was what I used to measure her recipes, however I’ve also included a cup conversion as well.

I’d love to hear from you in the comment section! You can follow me on instagram, youtube and facebook to see all the recipes I post!

Happy cooking!

Ingredients you’ll need:

*I recommend to use the metric measurements (grams/mls) for accuracy of the ingredients to have it as close to babička’s version as possible.

  • Poppy seed filling:
    • 500ml (2 cups) whole milk
    • 250g (1.75 cups) poppy seeds, ground
    • 120g (1.25 cups) granulated sugar
    • 1/2 tsp kosher salt
    • 175g (1/2 cup) strawberry jam (or more to taste)
    • 4g (1/2 Tbsp) ground cinnamon
    • 28g (2 Tbsps) cocoa powder
    • 1 tsp vanilla extract
  • Dough:
    • Yeast prep:
      • 60ml (1/4 cup) milk
      • 7g (1 packet) of active dry yeast
      • 1 tsp granulated sugar
    • 50g (1/4 cup) granulated sugar
    • 50g (3.5 Tbsps) butter, softened
    • 1 large egg, divided into yolk and egg white
    • 1 tsp kosher salt
    • 350g (2.75 cups) all-purpose flour, sifted (+ more for dusting and rolling)
    • 175ml (3/4 cup) + 1/2 Tbsp whole milk, room temperature
  • Streusel:
    • 50g (1/4 cup) granulated sugar
    • 50g (3.5 Tbsps) butter, softened
    • 70g (1/2 cup) all-purpose flour

Directions:

A) Make the poppy seed filling:

In a wide-based pan on MED heat, add in 500ml of milk. When the milk boils, add in 250g ground poppy seeds and mix together. It will thicken as you mix. Once the mixture boils again, turn down the heat to LOW and continue to stir until you get a dry crumbly mixture without any liquid left (see photo) – this can take up to 20 minutes.

Pro-tips:

  • You can use any type of pan or pot, but a wide-based pan will increase your surface area and quicken the process.
  • Make sure you don’t have any liquid left in your mixture or else your filling will be too wet.

When you get a dry mixture, turn the heat OFF and take the pan off of the heat. Add in 120g of sugar and 1/2 tsp salt and stir until combined. Set aside to cool completely.

While you’re waiting for the filling to cool, you can start making the dough in the next section.

Once the mixture fully cools, add in 175g strawberry jam, 1/2 Tbsp ground cinnamon, 2 Tbsps cocoa powder, and 1 tsp of vanilla extract. Mix well and set aside.

B) Make the dough while the poppy seed filling cools:

Activate the yeast:

In a small bowl, add in 1/4 cup of milk and microwave for 10 seconds at a time until it’s warmed (make sure it’s not too hot or it will cook the yeast). Add in 7g (1 packet) active dry yeast and 1 tsp sugar. Mix until well-combined, cover and set aside. The yeast is activated once it gets frothy (5-10mins).

In a separate mixing bowl, add in 50g sugar, 50g softened butter, and 1 large egg yolk. Mix on HIGH speed for 2-3 minutes until the mixture is well-combined and a little fluffy.

To the sugar/butter mixture, add in 1 tsp salt, and the frothed yeast mixture (from step 1).

Mix well then alternate adding in 1/3 amount at a time the 350g sifted flour and the 175ml room temperature milk. Once the mixture gets too thick for the mixer, either use a dough hook attachment (if you’re using an electric mixer) or knead by hand. The dough is complete when you get a formed but sticky dough (see photo below) – this took about 5-7 minutes on an electric mixer.

Once the dough forms, scrape it all together, add a dusting of flour on top then cover with a tea towel and let it rest in a warm place until doubled in size (~45 mins – 1 hour).

If you don’t have a warm place, use my fail-proof oven proofing method here.

You can finish off the poppy seed filling (if cooled) while you wait and make the streusel in the next step.

C) Make the streusel:

In a small bowl, add in 50g of sugar, 50g of butter, and 70g of flour.

Mix/pinch/squish it by hand for 2-3 minutes until you get a crumbly mixture (see photo). Set aside.

D) Roll out the dough & assemble:

Prepare a greased or lined 9×13” baking tray.

Preheat the oven to 180˚C/350˚F.

Once the dough has risen, scrape out the dough onto a floured surface and knead it a few times to remove the bubbles. Weigh the dough and divide it evenly into 3 portions.

Take one dough ball (keep the other two covered with a tea towel to prevent it from drying out) and roll it out onto a floured surface. Flip the dough and roll it out a couple times on the floured surface until you get a rectangle shape about 0.5cm thick (see photo) and roughly the length of your baking tray. Evenly spread 1/3 of the finished poppy seed/jam mixture onto the rolled dough, leaving 1-2cm from the edge of the dough. 

To form the roll: Grab the bottom edge and fold the dough up by 1/4, then roll up by 1/4 again, then fold the upper 1/4 edge down over the roll and pinch the edges to seal in the poppy seed mixture (see photos). Gently pick up the roll and place this onto the prepared baking tray. Don’t worry if you have some areas of thinner dough or where some poppy seed filling sticks out.

Repeat steps 4-6 with the other two dough balls. Leave about a 2cm space between each roll on the baking tray so they don’t stick together when they bake.

E) Make the egg wash and add the streusel:

In a small bowl, beat the remaining egg white with 1/2 Tbsp of milk and brush this mixture over the top and sides of each roll.

This step creates a moist sticky surface for the streusel to stick better. Babicka actually uses rum but to limit the number of ingredients and to use up the egg white, I’ve elected to use the egg wash method. There is no difference in taste if you use rum or an egg/milk mixture.

Evenly sprinkle 1/3 of the streusel on top of each roll. Gently push it into the dough if it seems to be rolling off.

Bake in the preheated oven until golden brown (~25-30 minutes), turning the pan halfway through the cook time to bake evenly. DONE! Let it cool slightly before slicing then serve immediately.

Storage:

  • Store in an air-tight container and eat within 2 days at room temperature or up to 5 days in the refrigerator.
  • To freeze: slice the makovec and freeze in an air-tight container – mine’s still in the freezer from 3 months ago and still going strong! To reheat: microwave from frozen for 30 seconds at a time until warmed.
  • Note: once you refrigerate or freeze it, the bread firms up slightly.

Summarized Recipe:

Babička’s Makovec (Czech Poppy Seed Roll)

Date Published: Nov 11th, 2025 | Last Updated: Nov 11th, 2025
Author: Abby | Category: breads, Czech, dessert, pastry, snacks, vegetarian
Makes: 3 loaves (enough for a party or one Toby 😂) | Prep time: 1.5 hours | Cook time: 1 hour

Ingredients: I recommend to use the metric measurements (grams/mls) for accuracy of the ingredients to have it as close to babička’s version as possible.

  • Poppy seed filling:
    • 500ml (2 cups) whole milk
    • 250g (1.75 cups) poppy seeds, ground
    • 120g (1.25 cups) granulated sugar
    • 1/2 tsp kosher salt
    • 175g (1/2 cup) strawberry jam (or more to taste)
    • 4g (1/2 Tbsp) ground cinnamon
    • 28g (2 Tbsps) cocoa powder
    • 1 tsp vanilla extract
  • Dough:
    • Yeast prep:
      • 60ml (1/4 cup) milk
      • 7g (1 packet) of active dry yeast
      • 1 tsp granulated sugar
    • 50g (1/4 cup) granulated sugar
    • 50g (3.5 Tbsps) butter, softened
    • 1 large egg, divided into yolk and egg white
    • 1 tsp kosher salt
    • 350g (2.75 cups) all-purpose flour, sifted (+ more for dusting and rolling)
    • 175ml (3/4 cup) + 1/2 Tbsp whole milk, room temperature
  • Streusel:
    • 50g (1/4 cup) granulated sugar
    • 50g (3.5 Tbsps) butter, softened
    • 70g (1/2 cup) all-purpose flour

Directions:

  1. Make the poppy seed filling:
    1. In a wide-based pan on MED heat, add in 500ml of milk. When the milk boils, add in 250g ground poppy seeds and mix together. It will thicken as you mix. Once the mixture boils again, turn down the heat to LOW and continue to stir until you get a dry crumbly mixture without any liquid left (see photo) – this can take up to 20 minutes.
      • Pro-tips:
        • You can use any type of pan or pot, but a wide-based pan will increase your surface area and quicken the process.
        • Make sure you don’t have any liquid left in your mixture or else your filling will be too wet.
    2. When you get a dry mixture, turn the heat OFF and take the pan off of the heat. Add in 120g of sugar and 1/2 tsp salt and stir until combined. Set aside to cool completely.
      • You can skip ahead and make the dough in this time while you wait for it to cool.
    3. Once the mixture fully cools, add in 175g strawberry jam, 1/2 Tbsp ground cinnamon, 2 Tbsps cocoa powder, and 1 tsp of vanilla extract. Mix well and set aside.
  2. Make the dough while the poppy seed filling cools:
    1. Activate the yeast:
      • In a small bowl, add in 1/4 cup of milk and microwave for 10 seconds at a time until it’s warmed (make sure it’s not too hot or it will cook the yeast).
      • Add in 7g (1 packet) active dry yeast and 1 tsp sugar. Mix until well-combined, cover and set aside. The yeast is activated once it gets frothy (5-10mins).
    2. In a separate mixing bowl, add in 50g sugar, 50g softened butter, and 1 large egg yolk. Mix on HIGH speed for 2-3 minutes until the mixture is well-combined and a little fluffy.
    3. To the sugar/butter mixture, add in 1 tsp salt, and the frothed yeast mixture (from step 1). Mix well then alternate adding in 1/3 amount at a time the 350g sifted flour and the 175ml room temperature milk. Once the mixture gets too thick for the stand mixer, either use a dough hook attachment (if you’re using an electric mixer) or knead by hand. The dough is complete when you get a formed but sticky dough (see photo above) – this took about 5-7 minutes on an electric mixer.
    4. Once the dough forms, scrape it all together, add a dusting of flour on top then cover and let it rest in a warm place until doubled in size (~45 mins – 1 hour).
      • If you don’t have a warm place, use my fail-proof oven proofing method here.
      • You can finish off the poppy seed filling (if cooled) while you wait and make the streusel in the next step.
  3. Make the streusel:
    1. In a small bowl, add in 50g of sugar, 50g of butter, and 70g of flour.
    2. Mix/pinch/squish it by hand for 2-3 minutes until you get a crumbly mixture (see photo). Set aside.
  4. Roll out the dough & assemble:
    1. Prepare a greased or lined 9×13” baking tray.
    2. Preheat the oven to 180˚C/350˚F.
    3. Once the dough has risen, scrape out the dough onto a floured surface and knead it a few times to remove the bubbles. Weigh the dough and divide it evenly into 3 portions.
    4. Take one dough ball (keep the other two covered with a tea towel to prevent it from drying out) and roll it out onto a floured surface. Flip the dough and roll it out a couple times on the floured surface until you get a rectangle shape about 0.5cm thick (see photo) and roughly the length of your baking tray.
    5. Evenly spread 1/3 of the finished poppy seed/jam mixture onto the rolled dough, leaving 1-2cm from the edge of the dough. 
    6. To form the roll: Grab the bottom edge and fold the dough up by 1/4, then roll up by 1/4 again, then fold the upper 1/4 edge down over the roll and pinch the edges to seal in the poppy seed mixture (see photos). Gently pick up the roll and place this onto the prepared baking tray.
    7. Repeat steps 4-6 with the other two dough balls. Leave about a 2cm space between each roll on the baking tray so they don’t stick together when they bake.
  5. Make the egg wash and add the streusel:
    1. In a small bowl, beat the remaining egg white with 1/2 Tbsp of milk and brush this mixture over the top and sides of each roll.
      • This step creates a moist sticky surface for the streusel to stick better. Babicka actually uses rum but to limit the number of ingredients and to use up the egg white, I’ve elected to use the egg wash method. There is no difference in taste if you use rum or egg/milk mixture.
    2. Evenly sprinkle 1/3 of the streusel on top of each roll. Gently push it into the dough if it seems to be rolling off.
    3. Bake in the preheated oven until golden brown (~25-30 minutes), turning the pan halfway through the cook time to bake evenly. DONE! Let it cool slightly before slicing then serve immediately.

Char Siu: An Authentic Chinese BBQ Pork Recipe


Date Published: Sept 27th, 2025 | Last Updated: Sept 27th, 2025
Author: Abby |Category: Asian, easy, mains
Serves: 6-8 | Prep time: overnight | Cook time: 45 minutes

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Char Siu is a staple at any Chinese BBQ restaurant and still remains one of our favourite Chinese BBQ dishes when visiting these joints. Although it seems daunting, making Char Siu is actually quite simple: mix up the marinade, marinate the pork overnight, then bake! This is a great dish to serve when catering for a party since pork shoulder/pork butt is a pretty cheap cut of meat and the delicious flavours of the sticky sauce is easy to impress!

What is Char Siu?

Char Siu is Chinese BBQ pork that’s moist, juicy, and covered in an iconic sweet, savoury, and umami sticky glaze. You’ll find it in any Chinese BBQ restaurant served in slices over rice or chopped up and stuffed inside buns for the classic Char Siu Bao (BBQ Pork Bun). Some restaurants add red food colouring to their sauce to make the meat look a little red – I’ve skipped this step in my recipe because I didn’t have any on hand, but feel free to add it in if you want the classic restaurant look.

Char Siu is not to be confused with Chashu!

Char Siu is the Chinese BBQ pork dish whereas Chashu is the Japanese fatty pork belly slices you often see served in ramen. While both are insanely delicious, they are completely different dishes. This recipe is for the Chinese BBQ pork Char Siu, however if you’re looking for a good Chashu recipe, I’ve got you covered in my Tonkotsu Ramen recipe below!

Legit Tonkotsu Ramen from scratch (in an Instant Pot)


A tonkotsu ramen is a beautiful bowl of a rich pork bone broth with noodles, chashu, a ramen egg, and your choice of toppings. This legit restaurant-quality tonkotsu ramen recipe will blow your mind away!

What is fermented red bean curd?

If you are not familiar with this pungent beauty, strap in. Fermented red bean curd (also known as fermented tofu) is a Chinese condiment that is made with cubes of tofu that is fermented in a brine of red yeast rice and rice wine. The end result is an umami flavour bomb that can be a bit overwhelming when eaten on its own. It’s often used in sauces as a flavour enhancer or paired with congee.

At first glance it can definitely look off-putting. If you’ve never had it before, I’d recommend only trying the tiniest amount at first (I’m talking about less than a pea size, maybe just a dab). The flavour profile is very salty but with a creamy/cheesy texture. Even if you’re not a fan of the taste, I’d still recommend using it in this recipe to give it that extra depth of flavour that makes all the difference between this char siu recipe to the next. Be careful when taking it out of the jar – it comes in little cubes and is very soft and easily breaks apart.

When I was younger I hated this stuff and I’d cringe every time my dad took it out of the fridge. The flavour was too overwhelming for me, but as I got older I learned to love it and I can’t think of any better condiment than this to go with my congee (move over, pork floss).

Which cut of pork is best?

Pork shoulder or pork butt is the best and most traditional cut of pork to use to make char siu. You can also use pork belly as well, however I find it too fatty when eaten in slices but works very well when chopped up and used in a BBQ pork bun recipe.

Anyways, without further ado, here’s the recipe! If you have any comments or suggestions, I’d love to hear from you in the comment section! You can follow me on instagram, youtube and facebook to see all the recipes I post!

Happy cooking!

Ingredients you’ll need:

  • Marinade:
    • 3 cloves garlic, minced
    • 2 pieces (44g) spicy fermented red bean curd
    • 1 Tbsp (22g) honey
    • 1 Tbsp (14g) Shaoxing wine
    • 1 Tbsp (20g) soy sauce
    • 1 Tbsp (20g) oyster sauce
    • 1 tsp (6g) dark soy sauce
    • 1 tsp (2g) 5-spice powder
    • 1/4 tsp (1g) white pepper
    • 1/4 cup (50g) brown sugar, packed
  • 500g pork shoulder (try to get a fattier piece) or slab of pork belly, skin removed (I prefer pork shoulder)
The gang’s all here

Directions:

In a mixing bowl, combine all the ingredients of the marinade: 3 cloves minced garlic, 2 pieces fermented red bean curd, 1 Tbsp honey, 1 Tbsp Shaoxing wine, 1 Tbsp soy sauce, 1 Tbsp oyster sauce, 1 tsp dark soy sauce, 1 tsp 5-spice powder, 1/4 tsp white pepper, and 1/4 cup packed brown sugar. Mix well until there are no clumps.

Put the marinade in a resealable plastic bag along with the pork and squeeze out any air. Let it marinate in the fridge overnight.

The next day, preheat the oven to 200˚C/400˚F. Shake off excess marinade and place the marinated pork onto a wire rack over a tray. Brush extra marinade over the top and bake in the preheated oven for 15-20 minutes. Flip each pork piece over, brush with more marinade and bake again for 15-20 minutes or until the internal temperature reaches 63˚C/145˚F.

While the pork is cooking, pour the leftover marinade into a saucepan and turn the heat on to MED. Let the sauce bubble and simmer while continuously stirring for 3-4 minutes until it slightly thickens (don’t worry about reducing it too much since the sauce will thicken further as it cools).

At the end of the cook time, you should have a nice char/dark brown caramelization over the top of the pork. If you don’t, BROIL for 1 minute on each side until you get get the dark brown char. Remove from the oven and brush the reduced marinade (from step 4) over the top and let it rest for 10 minutes before slicing. Serve immediately after slicing. Enjoy!

Summarized Recipe:

Char Siu: An Authentic Chinese BBQ Pork Recipe

Date Published: Sept 27th, 2025 | Last Updated: Sept 27th, 2025
Author: Abby |Category: Asian, easy, mains
Serves: 6-8 | Prep time: overnight | Cook time: 45 minutes

Ingredients:

  • Marinade:
    • 3 cloves garlic, minced
    • 2 pieces (44g) spicy fermented red bean curd
    • 1 Tbsp (22g) honey
    • 1 Tbsp (14g) Shaoxing wine
    • 1 Tbsp (20g) soy sauce
    • 1 Tbsp (20g) oyster sauce
    • 1 tsp (6g) dark soy sauce
    • 1 tsp 5-spice powder
    • 1/4 tsp white pepper
    • 1/4 cup (50g) brown sugar, packed
  • 500g pork shoulder (try to get a fattier piece) or slab of pork belly, skin and excessive fat removed (I prefer pork shoulder)

Directions:

  1. In a mixing bowl, combine all the ingredients of the marinade: 3 cloves minced garlic, 2 pieces fermented red bean curd, 1 Tbsp honey, 1 Tbsp Shaoxing wine, 1 Tbsp soy sauce, 1 Tbsp oyster sauce, 1 tsp dark soy sauce, 1 tsp 5-spice powder, 1/4 tsp white pepper, and 1/4 cup packed brown sugar. Mix well until there are no clumps.
  2. Put the marinade in a resealable plastic bag along with the pork and squeeze out any air. Let it marinate in the fridge overnight.
  3. The next day, preheat the oven to 200˚C/400˚F. Shake off excess marinade and place the marinated pork onto a wire rack over a tray. Brush extra marinade over the top and bake in the preheated oven for 15-20 minutes. Flip each pork piece over, brush with more marinade and bake again for 15-20 minutes or until the internal temperature reaches 63˚C/145˚F.
  4. While the pork is cooking, pour the leftover marinade into a saucepan and turn the heat on to MED. Let the sauce bubble and simmer while continuously stirring for 3-4 minutes until it slightly thickens (don’t worry about reducing it too much since the sauce will thicken further as it cools).
  5. At the end of the cook time, you should have a nice char/dark brown caramelization over the top of the pork. If you don’t, BROIL for 1 minute on each side until you get get the dark brown char. Remove from the oven and brush the reduced marinade (from step 4) over the top and let it rest for 10 minutes before slicing. Serve immediately. Enjoy!

Green Curry Mussels


Date Published: Sept 21st, 2025 | Last Updated: Sept 21st, 2025
Author: Abby |Category: mains, Asian, <15mins, <30 mins, easy
Serves: 2 | Prep time: 10 minutes | Cook time: 10 minutes

Jump to recipe |

This Green Curry Mussel recipe has been on the back burner since I started this website during COVID. I’m glad to finally be able to publish it! Back during the lockdown pandemic era (seems like so long ago now!), like many, I was really into experimenting in the kitchen and I had just recently discovered how to make my own Thai Green Curry Paste from scratch! From that recipe, I became more and more adventurous in ways I could use up that curry paste. Toby’s favourite recipe from that adventure is the fried prawn toasts (see the posts below). Mine is this recipe. I would have never thought to pair green curry and mussels together until I saw it on the menu at the mussel stand in Queen Victoria Market one day and it was mind-blowingly delicious!

This is my take on green curry mussels. This recipe uses the bold and rich flavours of a traditional Thai Green Curry paste, cooked together in coconut milk, then tossed together with fresh mussels to give an aromatic and creamy mussel dish. I hope you enjoy!

Thai Green Curry Paste


Brace yourself. There are a BUTTLOAD of ingredients that go into this Thai green curry paste (17 to be exact) but it’s packed with flavour and beautiful aromas. It does…

Keep reading

Green Curry Prawn Toast


These prawn toasts are so easy to make! You can serve it as an appetizer or a snack for a party. They make good use of the homemade Thai green…

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Green Curry Fish Soup


This healthy green curry soup uses soy milk and fresh green curry paste for maximum flavour and minimum calories and fat. It’s so quick and easy to whip this up…

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This recipe is easy and cooks up quickly!

Anyways, without further ado, here’s the recipe! If you have any comments or suggestions, I’d love to hear from you in the comment section! You can follow me on instagram, youtube and facebook to see all the recipes I post!

Happy cooking!

Ingredients you’ll need:

Directions:

Heat a large pan or wok on MED heat and sauté the green curry paste in a drizzle of oil until the paste dries out a bit and turns slightly brown (2-3 minutes). Add in the can of coconut milk and mix it all together. Let the sauce simmer until you get a thickened sauce.

Add in the mussels and stir. Put the lid on and let the mussels steam for 4-5 minutes until they all open up. Turn off the heat and serve!

Summarized Recipe:

Green Curry Mussels

Date Published: Sept 21st, 2025 | Last Updated: Sept 21st, 2025
Author: Abby |Category: mains, Asian, <15mins, <30 mins, easy
Serves: 2 | Prep time: 10 minutes | Cook time: 10 minutes

Ingredients:

Directions:

  1. Heat a large pan or wok on MED heat and sauté the green curry paste in a drizzle of oil until the paste dries out a bit and turns slightly brown (2-3 minutes).
  2. Add in the can of coconut milk and mix it all together. Let the sauce simmer until you get a thickened sauce.
  3. Add in the mussels and stir. Put the lid on and let the mussels steam for 4-5 minutes until they all open up. Turn off the heat and serve!